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The sustained fall in oil prices is hurting not only sovereign borrowers worldwide, but also state governments, says Moody's Investors Service.

In an analysis of oil-dependent sub-sovereign borrowers released on Tuesday, Moody's analyzed states and provinces in five countries: Nigeria (Ba3 review for downgrade), Brazil (Ba2 negative), Russia (Ba1 review for downgrade), Mexico (A3 stable), and Canada (Aaa stable). The report found that Nigerian states are the most reliant on oil for revenue, while states in Mexico were the least dependent.

"The ability of oil-producing states to cope with falling crude prices depends on the extent of their reliance on oil revenues, and on whether they have sufficient financial flexibility to absorb a drop in income," said Maria del Carmen Martinez-Richa, Moody’s Vice President and Senior Analyst. "Sub-sovereign issuers in Nigeria are very dependent on oil and have a limited capacity to absorb fiscal shocks."

In Nigeria, oil contributes, on average, 42 percent of states’ revenues. In Mexico, the proportion of state revenues that come from oil is just 8 percent, according to the report, which is titled "Sub-Sovereigns -- Global: Weak crude prices pressure sub-sovereigns in oil producing countries."

While Canada's three oil-producing provinces, Alberta (Aaa negative), Saskatchewan (Aaa stable) and Newfoundland & Labrador (Aa2 negative), are more reliant on oil revenues than Mexican states, they have a higher degree of financial flexibility. That means that they are well equipped to withstand the drop in oil prices.

In Brazil, the impact on the two main oil-producing states has varied. The state of Espirito Santo took measures to increase its tax base in early 2015. This limited the decline in its total revenues that year to only 2 percent, despite a 25 percent drop in its oil revenues. In contrast, the state of Rio de Janeiro has been unable to adjust at the same pace. In 2015, Rio's revenues from oil royalties dropped 28 percent and its total revenues fell 19 percent.

The impact of the oil slump on Russian states has been mitigated by an accompanying decline in the value of the rouble versus the US dollar.

Russian regions have been protected from the full impact of weaker oil prices by a devaluation of the rouble. This has shored up rouble-denominated earnings from oil exports, which are priced in dollars. The weaker rouble will limit the overall decline in Russian regions' corporate tax revenues in 2016 to between 6 percent and 10 percent.