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A new joint study from the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and Poland’s National Research Institute (NASK) finds that 1 in 4 jobs worldwide is potentially exposed to generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), but that transformation, not replacement, is the most likely outcome.

The report, launched on 20 May 2025, and titled Generative AI and Jobs: A Refined Global Index of Occupational Exposure, introduces detailed global assessment of how GenAI may reshape the world of work. The index provides a unique and nuanced snapshot of how AI could transform occupations and employment across countries, by combining nearly 30,000 occupational tasks with expert validation, AI-assisted scoring, and ILO harmonised micro data.

The report’s key findings include that high-income countries have higher shares (34 percent) of global employment that falls within occupations potentially exposed to GenAI.

Exposure among women continues to be significantly higher. In high-income countries, jobs at the highest risk of automation make up 9.6 per cent of female employment - a stark contrast to 3.5 percent of such jobs among men. 

According to the report, clerical jobs face the highest exposure of all, due to GenAI’s theoretical ability to automate many of their tasks. Some highly digitised cognitive jobs in media-, software-, and finance-related occupations are also exposed.